Financial Information System
The financial system is probably the most important single management information system, in the company, and in most companies it is the oldest and the best developed. These systems basically deal with large amounts of data and involve planning in the financial sector. However the budgeting function performed is wholly futuristic. Periodically the management approves a financial plan (the master budget) that assigns responsibility for maintaining incomes, investments and costs within standard limits. These plans are the basis for periodic financial reports and these reports are used by the system for exercising control and for futuristic planning.
The major operating systems of a company along with their respective functions (Shown in figure above) merge or integrate with the Accounting and Financial Information System to facilitate financial reporting and for management information for planning and control. Moreover, the financial system has a very significant impact on other systems when one considers that the ultimate common denominator of many operating decisions is the dollar. Perhaps, Billing (Invoice Preparation) is the most widely used data processing application among financial information systems.
Production/Operation System Model
From an operating standpoint, such a system is undoubtedly the most important in a manufacturing company. It crosses all subsystem boundaries and has an effect throughout the company. The production/ Operations system is concerned with information about the physical flow of goods or the production of goods and services. It covers such activities as production planning and control, inventory control and management, purchasing, distribution and transportation.
Because the quantities of data are so large and the timing of information so essential, the production/operations system is the most adaptable to automation and yields the largest benefits in terms of immediate solution of critical and costly problems. Although other applications (eg. decision-making, total system simulation) may offer greater potential, this functional area usually offers immediate pay-offs.
- Sales Analysis
- Engineering
- Inventory Control and Production Scheduling
- Production/Operations Facilities
- Purchasing
- Financial
- Sales and Distribution
Integration of subsystems through the information flow in the production/Operations System (Adapted from : Information systems for modern management by Murdick, Ross, Claggett)
Marketing Management Information System
The basic areas of the marketing function that lend themselves to improvement through information systems include:
(1) Forecasting/Sales planning
(2) Market research
(3) Advertising
(4) Operating and control information : Examples include sales reports and distribution cost reports. A marketing systems should also take into account of the necessity elsewhere in the organization concerning for information concerning market sales, and other internal information that affects decisions in other subsystems of the company.
Three types of marketing systems may be summarized as
1. Control systems
2. Planning systems and
3. Market research systems.
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Customer invoices Sales Profitability
Marketing budgets by product by product
Sales call reports product line product line
Cost reports customer class customer
Inventory reports cost center salesman
Accounts receivable region
Accounts payable salesman
Payroll (marketing)
Manufacturing costs
Annual Reports (customers, suppliers etc.)
Market Research
Analyses done by the system for periodic automated reporting :
-- Life cycle analysis
-- Marketing Personnel Analysis
-- Financial Analysis
Also OUTPUTS of the system include
-- SALES RECAP
-- RECORD SUMMARIES
-- TRANSACTION ANALYSIS
-- EXCEPTION INQUIRIES
(Adapted from : Information systems for modern management by Murdick, Ross, Claggett)
source : http://www.uh.edu/~mrana/try.htm
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar